Businesses, governments, and monetary establishments subject cash market securities as a cheap means to borrow cash to cowl short-term liabilities. Money market securities are sometimes debt devices similar to bonds and business papers having the best credit score rankings issued by establishments similar to Moody’s and Standard & Poor. Money market securities present traders with a secure technique of preserving capital, although this security comes at the expense of the upper yields attainable by way of riskier investments.
Define money market and money market securities:
Money market: Normally money market refers to the traded location of short-term securities. The location of money market operation is often referred to simply as the money market desk. Money markets are used to the facility of short-term funds from individuals, corporations, or governments with excess funds.
Money market securities: Money market securities are those which normally one year or less time of maturities money market instrument provide short term funds by using debt, bond securities with one year or less.
Discuss some money market securities.
There are several assets are traded in the money market are as follows:
1. Treasury Bill (T-Bill): Treasury bill is issued by the government. So there is no default risk. Treasury payments are issued by the U.S. Department of Treasury and embrace the three-month and six-month maturity payments. The buying value of the payments is mostly decreasing than the face worth of the payments. The debtor receives the face worth at maturity. The distinction between the acquisition worth and face worth is taken into account by the interest fee that the debtor receives at maturity. The common features of a treasury bill are:
• Sell at discount
• Its maturity period is 52 weeks.
• Discount rate is fixed by Bangladesh bank
2. Commercial paper: Commercial paper is a promissory note issued for short-term funds. It is a short-term unsecured promissory note that is issued in the open market. Commercial papers are short-term unsecured promissory notes which might be issued by companies to lift funds. The maturity dates often range from 90 days to 270 days. Commercial papers supply larger rates of interest as a result they’re riskier for traders. The common feature of commercial paper is:
• It is issued by a bank
• The normal maturity period is 90-270 days.
• It is issued at discount.
3. Bankers’ Acceptance: Bankers’ Acceptance acts as third parties’ securities. Bankers’ Acceptance is a vehicle created to facilitate commercial trade transactions. Bankers’ acceptance is a monetary instrument created to facilitate industrial buying and selling. Basically, it signifies that the financial institution assumes the accountability of the mortgage on behalf of the holder of the bankers’ acceptance.
4. Certificate of deposit: Certificate of deposit acts as a deed of transaction of assets. CD is issued by a bank that indicates a specified sum of money has been deposited at issuing deposited institution. A certificate of Deposit (CD) is a monetary asset issued by a financial institution or different depository establishment that requires a specific amount to be deposited with the establishment. The CD will carry a specified maturity date and rate of interest larger than the treasury invoice that varies by the establishment. The common feature of CD is:
• CD is issued by bank and thrift to raise fund
• A CD bears a maturities date.
• There is no limit on the maximum.
5. Repurchase Agreement: The repurchase Agreement has short the short name of the repo. It acts like collateral. A Repo is the agreement of sale of maturities with a commitment by the seller to buy the securities back from the buyer.
6. Federal Funds: Federal Funds are a depository instrument to maintain reserve at their district risk.
Types of Securities
Money market securities are sometimes debt devices with a face worth of $100,000 or extra. These securities embrace federal and municipal bonds, certificates of deposit from monetary establishments, and business paper, a form of unsecured IOU, from giant firms. Certain cash market funds focus on one sort of cash market safety, similar to tax-free municipal bond funds, however, must embrace a mixture of numerous safety varieties.
Rapid Maturity
Money market securities are designed solely to fulfill the short-term capital necessities of presidency and enterprise. Most cash market securities mature in lower than three months, and all mature inside one yr. Money market devices similar to federal funds and repurchase agreements exemplify the quick maturity of cash market securities; they signify vital holdings in most cash market funds and sometimes mature in lower than one week.
Safety
Money market securities are the most secure investments out there, with credit score rankings that surpass nearly all different funding grade debt devices. The SEC helps guarantee this security by mandating that at the very least 95% of a cash market fund’s securities have to be ones that have earned the best ranking of at the very least two of the 5 main credit standing establishments. Investors can take reassurance in understanding that since cash market funds had been launched in 1983, solely as soon as has a fund declined in worth.
Liquidity
Money market securities are extraordinarily liquid and may be transformed into money shortly. The short-term nature of those securities contributes to the liquidity of cash market investments because the principal of those debt devices is repaid very quickly. This liquidity, mixed with the next return on the principle that an investor would obtain from a financial savings account, becomes profitable market securities a superb place for traders to relegate the money portion of their diversified portfolios.
Discounts
Money market securities all share the widespread attribute of being supplied at a reduction. This signifies that they’re bought for a quantity that’s lower than the face worth of the merchandise, offering a further incentive for consumers. However, when the merchandise matures, it does so at its full face worth, offering the investor a big profit on his authentic funding, one thing that’s extremely interesting because of the short-term nature of those securities.
Money Market Funds
Since most cash market securities commerce in giant denominations, cash market funds present one of the best ways for people to put money into these securities. Their security and excessive liquidity become profitable market funds engaging automobiles for risk-averse traders in addition to these wanting a secure place to carry funds between extra dangerous, high-yield investments.
#What are the purposes of the money market?
Answer: The purposes of the money market are given below:
• To make warehouse surplus funds for a short period of time until they are needed.
• To provide a low-cost source of funds, the government, and intermediary.
• To explore the opportunity cost or increase the opportunity cost.
• To meet investment or deposit outflow.
• To provide a low-cost source of temporary funds.
#Why do financial market participants closely monitor money supply movements?
Answer: The participants of the financial market can easily move their funds because of the following:
• Financial intermediary Securities are short-term.
• The securities are available in the secondary market.
• Deficit unit search continuously the short-term fund.
• Government issues the risk-less securities.
• Comparatively lower cost to issue security.
# “Money markets are used to get rich but to avoid being poor”-explain.
Answer: The above statement can be clear by the following discussion:
• it makes up the short-term crisis of funds.
• To provide a low-cost source of funds.
• To explore the opportunity cost or increased the opportunity cost.
• To meet investment or deposit outflow.
• To provide low-cost temporary funds.
• To help to maintain short-term liquidity.
From the above discussion, it can be said that the money market helps to avoid poor.
